Nanotechnology is one of the three major technologies of the 21st century. After decades of development, it has become a common practice. Because of the development of nanotechnology, all aspects of social life are changing. Some changes are like spring rain, and there is no sound. Some changes are like spring thunder, such as revolution, great and vigorous.

Every new technology has brought about tremendous changes in human social life. In order to build a better world, nanotechnology will continue to provide new vitality!

Think about it, remember it, and know the new. From the perspective of science and technology, Nanoman has specially compiled 50 milestones from the beginning of nanotechnology (March 2018) for exchange discussion:

Special statement: Due to the age, some events may be controversial, welcome to correct me!

1857

1. Observed nanoparticles

For the first time, Michael Faraday discovered that the prepared nano-gold sols undergo color changes with different sizes and exhibit different Schindler scattering phenomena.

2. First discovered superhydrophobic phenomenon

In 1907 , Ollivier first reported a superhydrophobic surface: the surface of the soot, stone pine powder and arsenic trioxide material achieved a contact angle of nearly 180 ^o . Subsequently, Barthlott and Neinhuis first proposed the "Lotus Effect", which attributed the superhydrophobic property to the surface micro-structure. Later, Jiang Lei et al. found that the superhydrophobic property was actually attributed to the micro-nano structure of the rough surface and prepared the world's first superhydrophobic nanomaterial.

1917

3. First preparation of monomolecular film

Irving Langmuir first proposed and confirmed the feasibility of a monomolecular film. Subsequently, Katharine Blodgett invented a technique for preparing a single-layer molecular film (LB film), for the first time to realize the transfer of a fatty acid monolayer from water to a solid substrate.

Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Irving Langmuir, 1932)

1928

4. First proposed near-field optical microscope

Edward Hutchinson Synge proposes an image that exceeds the diffraction limit with a near-field scanning optical microscope.

1931

5. Invented electron microscope

Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll invented the first electron microscope.

Received the Nobel Prize in Physics (Ernst Ruska, 1986).

1946

6. First realization of molecular self-assembly

Zisman , Bigelow, and Pickett achieved self-assembly of ordered monolayers on the surface.

1959

7. For the first time, the concept of "nanotechnology" was proposed.

Richard Feynman gave a speech entitled "There is plenty of room at the bottom" at the annual meeting of the American Physical Society at the California Institute of Technology, proposing to manipulate matter at the atomic scale, which is considered to be the prototype of the concept of "nanotechnology". Fundamentally opened the prelude to the conscious scientific development of nanotechnology!

1968

8. Invention of molecular beam epitaxy

John R. Arthur and Albert Y. Cho invented the molecular beam epitaxy method to prepare high quality single crystal films, which are widely used in the fabrication of semiconductor devices.

1974

9. The birth of the term "nanotechnology"

Norio Taniguchi created the term “nano-technology” to name nanotechnology.

1974

10. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering

Martin Fleischmann , Patrick Hendra, and James McQuillan found that the pyridine molecules adsorbed on the surface of the silver electrode had anomalously enhanced Raman scattering; subsequently, Richard van Duyne first proposed the concept of SERS and independently interpreted the SERS mechanism to nanoscale with Alan Creighton. Surface plasmons and electromagnetic fields generated by rough surfaces are enhanced.

1974

11. The idea of molecular diodes was first proposed

Mark Ratner proposed the idea of molecular diodes, a single molecule can be used as a rectifier, a unidirectional current conductor, to create molecular electronics.

1976

12. Invention of atomic layer deposition technology

Tuomo Suntola invented the atomic layer epitaxial film preparation technology.

1980

13. First observed quantum dots formed naturally

For the first time, Alexei Ekimov and Alexander Efros discovered the existence of quantum dot nanocrystals and their unique optical properties in semiconductor-doped glass.

1981

14. Invention Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer invented the scanning tunneling microscope.

Nobel Prize in Physics (Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, 1986)

1982

15. First proposed DNA nanotechnology

Nadrian Seeman proposed the concept of DNA nanotechnology.

1983

16. First synthesis of semiconductor quantum dots

Louis Brus implements controlled synthesis of colloidal semiconductor quantum dots.

1985

17. Found fullerenes

Harold Kroto , Sean O'Brien, Robert Curl and Richard Smalley

Now the C60 fullerene molecule has unveiled the prelude of carbon nanomaterials!

Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Harold Kroto, Robert Curl and Richard Smalley, 1996)

1986

18. Invention Atomic Force Microscope

Gerd Binnig , Calvin Quate and Christoph Gerber invented the atomic force microscope.

1986

19. The first systematic introduction to nanotechnology

K. Eric Drexler publishes the book "Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology" and has been translated into a variety of languages to formally introduce nanotechnology to the world.

1988

20. Found giant magnetoresistance

Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg discovered giant magnetoresistance effects in multilayer films, revolutionizing information storage.

Nobel Prize in Physics (Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg, 2007)

1988

21. Invention of dye-sensitized solar cells

Brian O'Regan and Michael Grätzel invented dye-sensitized solar cells using TiO ₂ nanoporous porous films and molecular dyes.

1990

22. First realization of atomic scale manipulation

Don Eigler and Erhard Schweizer used a scanning electron microscope to manipulate a single helium atom on the nickel surface and wrote the letter "IBM."

1991

23. Discover the importance of carbon nanotubes

Sumio Iijima reports the growth of carbon nanotubes. Although a large number of studies believe that there have been some reports on carbon nanotubes before 1991. However, since Sumio Iijima brings carbon nanotubes to the world, he is still considered the father of carbon nanotubes.

A year later, Millie Dresselhaus and colleagues proposed a theory that accurately predicts the ratio of metal to semiconductor nanotubes.

1991

24. Invented molecular shuttle

Fraser Stoddart invented the first molecular shuttle based on rotaxane. Subsequent improvements resulted in a bistable molecular shuttle that could be switched by chemical means.

Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2016)

1992

25. Invention of mesoporous molecular sieves

Charles Kresge invented a series of mesoporous molecular sieve materials such as MCM-41 and MCM-48.

1992

26. Achieve spherical aberration correction TEM

Harald Rose , Knut Urban, and Maximilian Haider correct the spherical aberration by adjusting the multipole correction device and controlling the focus center of the electromagnetic lens to achieve a sub-Eye resolution.

1993

27. Discover the quantum fence

Michael Crommie , Christopher Lutz, and Don Eigler found that the quantum fringes formed by iron atoms on the copper surface trapped electrons.

28. Invention of microcontact printing

George M. Whitesides and Amit Kumar invented a soft etch technique based on a PDMS-made stamp-structured micro-nano structure with a microscopic pattern on the surface.

1994

29. Invention stimulated emission loss microscopy

Stefan Hell and Jan Wichmann propose stimulated emission loss microscopy that breaks optical imaging

Diffraction limit.

Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Stefan Hell, 2014)

1994

30. First synthesis of template nanowires

Martin Moskovits used porous anodized aluminum as a template to prepare ordered nanowire arrays for the first time.

1995

31. First proposed MOF concept

Omar M. Yaghi first proposed the concept of MOF (Metal-organic framework), and in the following time, the synthesis, performance control and application of MOF will be carried forward!

1996

32. Invention of nanopore gene sequencing

Daniel Branton passes a DNA single strand through the nanopore in the lipid bilayer membrane.

1998

33. Found abnormal transmission of light

TW Ebbesen observed that when light passes through a subwavelength metal hole array, the resulting transmittance will be orders of magnitude higher at a particular wavelength position than the classical small hole transmission theory predicts. The discovery of abnormal light transmission marks the entry of surface plasmon nanoplasmons into active development.

1998

34. Invention of electronic ink

Joseph Jacobson invented the electronic ink industry and revolutionized the information display industry.

1998

35. First synthesis of crystalline nanowires

Charles Lieber , Lars Samuelsson and Kenji Hiruma independently developed the preparation of crystalline half

The technology of conductor nanowires.

1998

36. Invented SBA-15 large pore mesoporous material

Galen D. Stucky and Zhao Dongyuan invented a method for controlling the synthesis of 5-30 nm macroporous mesoporous silicon.

1999

37. Inventing molecular motor

For the first time, Ben Feringa and Ross Kelly independently reported light-driven molecular motors and chemically driven molecular motors.

Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Ben Feringa, 2016)

1999

38. Invention dip pen micro-inscription technology

Chad A Mirkin invented the dip-pen nanolithography technique to construct a chemically stable monolayer on the surface of the substrate using an AFM tip.

2000

39. First realization of semiconductor nanocrystal morphology control

AP Alivisatos and Peng Xiaogang invented a CdSe nanocrystal morphology control strategy.

2001

39. Invention of nanowire laser

Yang Peidong invented the first room temperature nanowire laser based on ZnO semiconductor nanowires.

2001

40. The concept of aggregation induced luminescence was first proposed.

The Tang Benzhong team first proposed the concept of aggregation induced luminescence (AIE), which fundamentally solved the ACQ problem of organic luminescent molecules and effectively improved the solid-state luminescence efficiency of organic molecules.

2002

41. First synthesis of monodisperse precious metal nanocrystals

Xia Younan and Sun Yugang invented an alcohol thermal method that precisely controls the synthesis of almost monodisperse silver and gold nanocrystals.

2004

42. Found graphene

Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov invented a technique for stripping single-layer graphene.

2005

43. Inventing universal nanossol synthesis technology

Li Yadong and Wang Xun invented a general strategy for liquid phase synthesis of various elemental nanocrystals.

2006

44. Invention of nanogenerators

Wang Zhonglin used the piezoelectric effect of ZnO nanowires to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy at the nanometer scale, and successfully developed nanogenerators for the first time.

2006

45. Invention DNA origami

Paul Rothemund invented a method of folding a single strand of DNA into a complex two-dimensional shape.

2009

46. Inventing a perovskite solar cell

Tsutomu Miyasaka first introduced CH ₃ NH ₃ PbBr ₃ and CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ perovskite nanocrystals into dye-sensitized solar cells, and then Henry Snaith used spiro-OMeTAD as a solid hole transport layer to officially uncover the perovskite solar energy. The prelude of the battery.

2011

47. First synthesis of MXene

Yury Gogotsi first synthesized the first two-dimensional MXene nanomaterial: Ti ₃ C ₂ .

2015

48. Invention of a fully integrated artificial photosynthesis system

Yang Peidong has built a first fully integrated system for photosynthetic cooperation through semiconductor nanowire structure.

2013

49. First realization of molecular machine protein synthesis

David Leigh created a small molecular machine equivalent to an artificial ribosome that links amino acids in a specific order to achieve complex protein synthesis.

2016

50. First realization of 1nm transistor

Ali Javey built the 1nm transistor for the first time using carbon nanotubes and MoS ₂ , making Moore's Law still valid.

Attached: Nano Past

In fact, before Faraday first observed that the color of colloidal gold changed with size, in ancient times, traces of nanomaterials were discovered. However, although some applications were already available at that time, there was no discipline at the time, and no research was conducted from a scientific perspective.

BC-6th century

Lycurgus Cup

Ancient artisans added colloidal gold and silver nanoparticles to the cup making materials. Under the action of light, the color of the cup can change from green to red, also known as a two-color cup. The existing British Museum is the earliest discovered nanotechnology application.

9-17th century

Deruta Ceramicists

During the Renaissance, craftsmen used copper and silver nanoparticles of about 5-100 nm to prepare colorful metallic glazes to color ceramics.

6-15th century

Stained glass windows

European cathedral artisans use silver chloride and various other metal oxides and chlorides to create stained glass windows that are vibrant.

13th-18th century

Damascus saber blades

The arms manufacturer uses a material containing carbon nanotubes and iron carbide nanowires to make a saber blade with a sharp moiré and a hard surface.

16th century

Nanogold drug

Paracelsus, one of the founders of modern European chemistry, has prepared drugs containing gold nanoparticles to treat mental illnesses.

Source: WeChat JEFF